The Charter of Madinah (Sahifat al-Madinah)

"Upon arriving in Madinah after the Hijrah (1 AH / 622 CE), Prophet Muhammad ﷺ established brotherhood (Mu'akhah) between the Muhajirun and Ansar and drafted the Charter of Madinah (Sahifat al-Madinah). Recognized by historians as one of the earliest written constitutions in world history, it defined a pluralistic civic community (Ummah) guaranteeing religious freedom, mutual defense, justice, and legal rights for Muslims and allied Jewish and Arab tribes."