Surah Nuh • Ayah 16

Nuh complains about his Encounter with His People Allah tells about His servant and Messenger, Nuh, and that he complained to his Lord about the response he received from his people, and how he was patient with them for this long period of time -- which was nine hundred and fifty years. He complained due to his explaining and clarifying matters for them and his calling them to guidance and the straightest path. So he (Nuh) said,رَبِّ إِنِّى دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِى لَيْلاً وَنَهَاراً(O my Lord! Verily, I have called to my people night and day,) meaning, `I did not abandon calling them night and day, carrying out Your command and in obediance to You.'فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَآئِى إِلاَّ فِرَاراً (But all my calling added nothing but to (their) flight.) meaning, `the more I called them to come to the truth, the more they fled from it and avoided it.'وَإِنِّى كُلَّمَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ جَعَلُواْ أَصَـبِعَهُمْ فِى ءَاذَنِهِمْ وَاسْتَغْشَوْاْ ثِيَابَهُمْ(And verily, every time I called unto them that You might forgive them, they thrust their fingers into their ears, covered themselves up with their garments,) meaning, `they closed up their ears so that they could not hear what I was calling them to.' This is similar to what Allah said about the disbelievers of the Quraysh.وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ لاَ تَسْمَعُواْ لِهَـذَا الْقُرْءَانِ وَالْغَوْاْ فِيهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَغْلِبُونَ (And those who disbelieve say: "Listen not to this Qur'an, and make noise in the midst of its (recitation) that you may overcome.") (41:26)وَاسْتَغْشَوْاْ ثِيَابَهُمْ(covered themselves up with their garments,) Ibn Jarir recorded from Ibn `Abbas that he said, "They concealed themselves under false pretences from him so that he would not recognize them." Sa`id bin Jubayr and As-Suddi both said, "They covered their heads so that they could not hear what he was saying."وَأَصَرُّواْ(and persisted,) meaning, they continued in what they were upon of associating partners with Allah and great disbelief.وَاسْتَكْبَرُواْ اسْتِكْبَاراً(and magnified themselves in pride.) meaning, they were turned away from following the truth and submitting to it.ثُمَّ إِنِّى دَعَوْتُهُمْ جِهَـراً (Then verily, I called to them openly.) meaning, openly among the people.ثُمَّ إِنِّى أَعْلَنْتُ لَهُمْ(Then verily, I proclaimed to them in public,) meaning, with open speech and a raised voice.وَأَسْرَرْتُ لَهُمْ إِسْرَاراً(and I have appealed to them in private.) meaning, in discussions with them. So he tried various types of propagation to be more effective with them.What Nuh said when He called His People to Allahفَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّاراً (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft-Forgiving;) meaning, `return to Him and turn away from what you are involved in. Repent to Him soon, for verily, He is Most Accepting of the repentance of those who turn to Him in repentance. He will accept repentance no matter what the sin is, even if it is disbelief and polytheism.' Thus, he said,فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّاراً - يُرْسِلِ السَّمَآءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مُدْرَاراً (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft-Forgiving; He will send rain to you Midrar,) meaning, continuous rain. Thus, it is recommended to recite this Surah in the prayer for rain due to this Ayah. This has been reported from the Commander of the faithful, `Umar bin Al-Khattab. He ascended the Minbar to perform the prayer for rain, and he did not do more than seeking Allah's forgiveness and reciting the Ayat that mention seeking Allah's forgiveness. Among these Ayat:فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّاراً - يُرْسِلِ السَّمَآءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مُدْرَاراً (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft-Forgiving; He will send rain to you Midrar, disbelievers of the Quraysh. Qu ? s? ? ? ? A ? Nuh complains about his Encounter with His People Allah tells about His servant and Messenger, Nuh, and that he complained to his Lord about the response he received from his people, and how he was patient with them for this long period of time -- which was nine hundred and fifty years. He complained due to his explaining and clarifying matters for them and his calling them to guidance and the straightest path. So he (Nuh) said,رَبِّ إِنِّى دَعَوْتُ قَوْمِى لَيْلاً وَنَهَاراً(O my Lord! Verily, I have called to my people night and day,) meaning, `I did not abandon calling them night and day, carrying out Your command and in obediance to You.'فَلَمْ يَزِدْهُمْ دُعَآئِى إِلاَّ فِرَاراً (But all my calling added nothing but to (their) flight.) meaning, `the more I called them to come to the truth, the more they fled from it and avoided it.'وَإِنِّى كُلَّمَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِتَغْفِرَ لَهُمْ جَعَلُواْ أَصَـبِعَهُمْ فِى ءَاذَنِهِمْ وَاسْتَغْشَوْاْ ثِيَابَهُمْ(And verily, every time I called unto them that You might forgive them, they thrust their fingers into their ears, covered themselves up with their garments,) meaning, `they closed up their ears so that they could not hear what I was calling them to.' This is similar to what Allah said about the disbelievers of the Quraysh. n?A h complains about his Encounter with His People Allah tells about His servant and Messenger, Nuh, and that he complained to his Lord about the response he received from his people, and how he was patient with them for this long period of time -- which was nine hundred and fifty years. He complained due to his explaining and clarifying matters for them and his calling them to guidance and the straightest path. So he (Nuh) said, NnA ? What Nuh said when He called His People to Allahفَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّاراً (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft-Forgiving;) meaning, `return to Him and turn away from what you are involved in. Repent to Him soon, for verily, He is Most Accepting of the repentance of those who turn to Him in repentance. He will accept repentance no matter what the sin is, even if it is disbelief and polytheism.' Thus, he said,فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّاراً - يُرْسِلِ السَّمَآءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مُدْرَاراً (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft-Forgiving; He will send rain to you Midrar,) meaning, continuous rain. Thus, it is recommended to recite this Surah in the prayer for rain due to this Ayah. This has been reported from the Commander of the faithful, `Umar bin Al-Khattab. He ascended the Minbar to perform the prayer for rain, and he did not do more than seeking Allah's forgiveness and reciting the Ayat that mention seeking Allah's forgiveness. Among these Ayat:فَقُلْتُ اسْتَغْفِرُواْ رَبَّكُمْ إِنَّهُ كَانَ غَفَّاراً - يُرْسِلِ السَّمَآءَ عَلَيْكُمْ مُدْرَاراً (I said: Ask forgiveness from your Lord, verily, He is Oft-Forgiving; He will send rain to you Midrar,) Then he (`Umar) said, "Verily, I have sought rain with the keys of the sky which cause the rain to descend." Ibn `Abbas and others have said, "It (Midrar) means some of it (rain) following others." Concerning Allah's statement,وَيُمْدِدْكُمْ بِأَمْوَلٍ وَبَنِينَ وَيَجْعَل لَّكُمْ جَنَّـتٍ وَيَجْعَل لَّكُمْ أَنْهَاراً (And give you increase in wealth and children, and bestow on you gardens and bestow on you rivers.) meaning, `if you repent to Allah, seek His forgiveness and obey Him, He will increase your provisions for you and provide you with water from the blessings of the sky. He will cause the blessings of the earth and crops to grow for you. He will increase your live stock animals for you and give you more wealth and children. This means that He will give you more wealth, more children and gardens with various types of fruits. He will cause rivers to flow among these gardens.' This is the position of the invitation with encouragement. Then He made it balanced for them by using intimidation. He said,مَّا لَكُمْ لاَ تَرْجُونَ لِلَّهِ وَقَاراً (What is the matter with you, that you do not hope for any Waqar from Allah) meaning, great majesty. This has been said by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid and Ad-Dahhak. Ibn `Abbas said, "That you all do not magnify Allah in the proper manner that He deserves to be magnified. Meaning, you do not fear His punishment and His vengeance."وَقَدْ خَلَقَكُمْ أَطْوَاراً (While He has created you (in) Atwar (stages).) It has been said that this means from a drop of sperm, then from a hanging clot, then from a lump of flesh. Ibn `Abbas, `Ikrimah, Qatadah, Yahya bin Rafi`, As-Suddi and Ibn Zayd, all said this. Concerning Allah's statement,أَلَمْ تَرَوْاْ كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَـوَتٍ طِبَاقاً (See you not how Allah has created the seven heavens in tiers) meaning, one above another. Can this be comprehended simply by hearing it only or is it of the matters that actually can be perceived with the senses which are known about the movements (of the heavenly bodies) and the eclipses. It is known that they (the scholars) have many different opinions about these matters that we will not discuss here. The only intent here is that Allahأَلَمْ تَرَوْاْ كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّهُ سَبْعَ سَمَـوَتٍ طِبَاقاً - وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُوراً وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجاً (Allah has created the seven heavens in tiers and has made the moon a light therein, and made the sun a lamp) meaning, He made a distinction between them (the sun and moon) in reference to their lighting. He made each one of them in a set manner with a distinct quality so that the night and day may be known. They (the night and day) are known by the rising and setting of the sun. He also determined fixed stations and positions for the moon, and He made its light vary so that sometimes it increases until it reaches a maximum, then it begins to decrease until it is completely veiled. This shows the passing of months and years. This is as Allah said,هُوَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَآءً وَالْقَمَرَ نُوراً وَقَدَّرَهُ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُواْ عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ يُفَصِّلُ الآيَـتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ (It is He Who made the sun a shining thing and the moon as a light and measured out for its stages that you might know the number of years and the reckoning. Allah did not create this but in truth. He explains the Ayat in detail for people who have knowledge.) (10:5) Concerning Allah's statement,وَاللَّهُ أَنبَتَكُمْ مِّنَ الاٌّرْضِ نَبَاتاً (And Allah has brought you forth from the (dust of) earth) This (Nabat) is a verbal noun (for emphasis) and its usage here is most excellent.ثُمَّ يُعِيدُكُمْ فِيهَا(Afterwards He will return you into it (the earth),) (71:18) meaning, when you die.وَيُخْرِجُكُمْ إِخْرَاجاً(And bring you forth.) meaning, on the Day of Judgement He will repeat your creation just as He first originated you.وَاللَّهُ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الاٌّرْضَ بِسَاطاً (And Allah has made for you the earth a wide expanse.) meaning, He spread it out, leveled it, settled it, and stabilized it with firm and lofty mountains.لِّتَسْلُكُواْ مِنْهَا سُبُلاً فِجَاجاً (That you may go about therein in broad roads.) meaning, He created it so that you may settle in it and travel in it wherever you wish, from its different sides, areas and regions. All of this is from what Nuh informed them of concerning Allah's power and His greatness in creating the heavens and the earth. It demostrates the favor that He did for them by making both heavenly benefits and earthly benefits. For He is the Creator and the Sustainer Who made the heaven as a building and the earth as a bed, and He enlarged His provisions for His creatures. Therefore, He is the One Who it is obligatory to worship, and accept as One God. No one should be associated with Him as a partner, because He has no equal, peer, rival, coequal, mate, son, minister or advisor, rather He is the Most High, the Most Great.قَالَ نُوحٌ رَّبِّ إِنَّهُمْ عَصَوْنِى وَاتَّبَعُواْ مَن لَّمْ يَزِدْهُ مَالُهُ وَوَلَدُهُ إِلاَّ خَسَاراً - وَمَكَرُواْ مَكْراً كُبَّاراً - وَقَالُواْ لاَ تَذَرُنَّ ءَالِهَتَكُمْ وَلاَ تَذَرُنَّ وَدّاً وَلاَ سُوَاعاً وَلاَ يَغُوثَ وَيَعُوقَ وَنَسْراً - وَقَدْ أَضَلُّواْ كَثِيراً وَلاَ تَزِدِ الظَّـلِمِينَ إِلاَّ ضَلاَلاً

استغفار اور باران رحمت ٭٭نوح علیہ السلام فرماتے ہیں ”اے میری قوم کے لوگو تم اگر استغفار کرو گے تو بارش کے ساتھ ہی ساتھ رزق کی برکت بھی تمہیں ملے گی، زمین و آسمان کی برکتوں سے تم مالا مال ہو جاؤ گے، کھیتیاں خوب ہوں گی، جانوروں کے تھن دودھ سے پر رہیں گے، مال و اولاد میں ترقی ہو گی، قسم قسم کے پھلوں سے لدے پھندے باغات تمہیں نصیب ہوں گے، جن کے درمیان چاروں طرف اور بابرکت پانی کی ریل پیل ہو گی، ہر طرف نہریں اور دریا جاری ہو جائیں گے۔“ اس طرح رغبت دلا کر پھر ذرا خوف زدہ بھی کرتے ہیں اور فرماتے ہیں ”تم اللہ کی عظمت کے قائل کیوں نہیں ہوتے؟ اس کے عذاب سے بےباک کیوں ہو گئے ہو؟ دیکھتے نہیں کہ اللہ نے تمہیں کن کن حالات میں کس کس طرح حالت بدل بدل کر ساتھ پیدا کیا ہے؟ پہلے پانی کی بوند، پھر جامد خون، پھر گوشت کا لوتھڑا، پھر اور صورت، پھر اور حالت وغیرہ۔“ اسی طرح دیکھو تو سہی کہ اس نے ایک پر ایک اس طرح آسمان پیدا کئے خواہ وہ صرف سننے سے ہی معلوم ہوئے ہوں یا ان وجوہ سے معلوم ہوئے ہوں جو محسوس ہیں جو ستاروں کی چال اور ان کے کسوف سے سمجھی جا سکتی ہیں، جیسے کہ اس علم والوں کا بیان ہے، گو اس میں بھی ان کا سخت تر اختلاف ہے کہ کواکب چلنے پھرنے والے بڑے بڑے سات ہیں۔ ایک ایک کو بے نور کر دیتا ہے، سب سے قریب آسمان دنیا میں چاند ہے جو دوسروں کو ماند کئے ہوئے ہے اور دوسرے آسمان پر عطارد ہے، تیسرے میں زہرہ ہے، چوتھے میں سورج ہے، پانچویں میں مریخ ہے، چھٹے میں مشتری، ساتویں میں زحل اور باقی کواکب جو ثوابت ہیں وہ آٹھویں میں ہیں جس کا نام یہ لوگ فلک ثوابت رکھتے ہیں اور ان میں سے جو شرع والے ہیں وہ اسے کرسی کہتے ہیں اور نواں فلک ان کے نزدیک اطلس اور اثیر ہے جس کی حرکت ان کے خیال میں افلاک کی حرکت کے خلاف ہے اس لیے کہ دراصل اس کی حرکت اور حرکتوں کو مبداء ہے وہ مغرب سے مشرق کی طرف حرکت کرتا ہے اور باقی سب آسمان مشرق سے مغرب کی طرف اور انہی کے ساتھ کواکب بھی گھومتے پھرتے رہتے ہیں۔ لیکن سیاروں کی حرکت افلاک کی حرکت کے بالکل برعکس ہے وہ سب مغرب سے مشرق کی طرف حرکت کرتے ہیں اور ان میں کا ہر ایک اپنے آسمان کا پھیر اپنے مقدور کے مطابق کرتا ہے، چاند تو ہر ماہ میں ایک بار سورج ہر سال میں ایک بار زحل ہر تیس سال میں ایک مرتبہ۔ مدت کی یہ کمی بیشی با اعتبار آسمان کی لمبائی چوڑائی کے ہے ورنہ سب کی حرکت سرعت میں بالکل مناسبت رکھتی ہے۔صفحہ نمبر9857یہ خلاصہ ہے ان کی تمام تر باتوں کا جس میں ان میں آپس میں بھی بہت کچھ اختلاف ہے نہ ہم اسے یہاں وارد کرنا چاہتے ہیں نہ اس کی تحقیق و تفتیش سے اس وقت کوئی غرض ہے مقصود صرف اس قدر ہے کہ اللہ سبحانہ وتعالیٰ نے سات آسمان بنائے ہیں اور وہ اوپر تلے ہیں، پھر ان میں سورج چاند پیدا کیا ہے، دونوں کی چمک دمک اور روشنی اور اجالا الگ الگ ہے جس سے دن رات کی تمیز ہو جاتی ہے، پھر چاند کی مقررہ منزلیں اور بروج ہیں پھر اس کی روشنی گھٹتی بڑھتی رہتی ہے اور ایسا وقت بھی آتا ہے کہ وہ بالکل چھپ جاتا ہے اور ایسا وقت بھی آتا ہے کہ وہ اپنی پوری روشنی کے ساتھ نمودار ہوتا ہے جس سے مہینے اور سال معلوم ہوتے ہیں۔ جیسے فرمان ہے «ھُوَ الَّذِيْ جَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ ضِيَاۗءً وَّالْقَمَرَ نُوْرًا وَّقَدَّرَهٗ مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُوْا عَدَدَ السِّـنِيْنَ وَالْحِسَابَ ۭ مَا خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ ذٰلِكَ اِلَّا بالْحَقِّ ۚ يُفَصِّلُ الْاٰيٰتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَّعْلَمُوْنَ» [10-یونس:5] ‏ ” اللہ وہ ہے جس نے سورج، چاند خوب روشن چمکدار بنائے اور چاند کی منزلیں مقرر کر دیں تاکہ تمہیں سال اور حساب معلوم ہو جائیں ان کی پیدائش حق کے ساتھ ہے، عالموں کے سامنے اللہ کی قدرت کے یہ نمونے الگ الگ موجود ہیں۔“صفحہ نمبر9858انسان مٹی سے پیدا ہوا ٭٭پھر فرمایا ” اللہ نے تمہیں زمین سے اگایا۔ “ اس مصدر نے مضمون کو بے حد لطیف کر دیا۔ پھر تمہیں مار ڈالنے کے بعد اسی میں لوٹائے گا، پھر قیامت کے دن اسی سے تمہیں نکالے گا، جیسے اول دفعہ پیدا کیا تھا اور اللہ تعالیٰ نے زمین کو تمہارا فرش بنا دیا اور وہ ہلے جلے نہیں اس لیے اس پر مضبوط پہاڑ گاڑ دیئے، اسی زمین کے کشادہ راستوں پر تم چلتے پھرتے ہو اسی پر رہتے سہتے ہو ادھر سے ادھر جاتے آتے ہو۔ غرض نوح علیہ السلام کی ہر ممکن کوشش یہ ہے کہ عظمت رب اور قدرت اللہ کے نمونے اپنی قوم کے سامنے رکھ کر انہیں سمجھا رہے ہیں کہ زمین و آسمان کی برکتوں کے دینے والے ہر چیز کے پیدا کرنے والے عالی شان قدرت کے رکھنے والے رازق خالق اللہ کا کیا تم پر اتنا بھی حق نہیں کہ تم اسے پوجو اس کا لحاظ رکھو اور اس کے کہنے سے اس کے سچے نبی علیہ السلام کی راہ اختیار کرو، تمیں ضرور چاہیئے کہ صرف اسی کی عبادت کرو کسی اور کو نہ پوجو، اس جیسا اس کا شریک، اس کا ساجھی، اس کا مثیل کسی کو نہ جانو، اسے بیوی اور ماں سے، بیٹوں پوتوں، وزیر و مشیر سے، عدیل و نظیر سے پاک مانو اسی کو بلند و بالا اسی کو عظیم و اعلیٰ جانو۔صفحہ نمبر9859

آیت 14{ وَقَدْ خَلَقَکُمْ اَطْوَارًا۔ } ”اور اس نے تمہیں پیدا کیا ہے درجہ بدرجہ۔“ اللہ تعالیٰ نے رحم مادر کے اندر تمہیں خلقت کے کئی مراحل سے گزار کر انسانی صورت میں ڈھالا ہے۔

لَمْ تَرَ‌وْا كَيْفَ خَلَقَ اللَّـهُ سَبْعَ سَمَاوَاتٍ طِبَاقًا وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ‌ فِيهِنَّ نُورً‌ا(Did you not see how Allah has created seven heavens one upon another, and has made the moon a light therein? ....71:15-16)These verses are adduced as proof positive of Divine Oneness and His power. He has created seven heavens, one on top of the other, and placed the moon as a light in them. The prepositional phrase in the verse apparently indicates that the moon is placed in the body of the heavens. The subject is fully discussed in Surah Al-Furqan under the following verse:تَبَارَ‌كَ الَّذِي جَعَلَ فِي السَّمَاءِ بُرُ‌وجًا وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا سِرَ‌اجًا وَقَمَرً‌ا مُّنِيرً‌اGlorious is the One who made stellar formations in the sky and placed therein a lamp (sun) and a bright moon. [ 25:61] Complaining about his people, Prophet Nuh (علیہ السلام) said:وَمَكَرُ‌وا مَكْرً‌ا كُبَّارً‌ا (and they devised an enormous plan....71:22). In other words, they hatched a mighty plot. They rejected the message and persecuted Prophet Nuh (علیہ السلام) . In addition, they let loose hooligans and hoodlums on him. They agreed that they will not abandon their gods, especially the five major idols whose names appear in the following verse: