Surah Al-Hujurat • Ayah 5

Admonishing Those Who call the Prophet from behind DwellingsAllah the Exalted and Most Blessed admonished those, such as the uncivilized bedouins, who used to call to the Prophet from behind the dwellings which belong to his wives,أَكْثَرُهُمْ لاَ يَعْقِلُونَ(most of them have no sense.) Allah the Exalted and Most Honored then ordains the better behavior in this regard,وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ صَبَرُواْ حَتَّى تَخْرُجَ إِلَيْهِمْ لَكَانَ خَيْراً لَّهُمْ(And if they had patience till you could come out to them, it would have been better for them.) it would have earned them the better benefit of this life and the Hereafter. Allah, Worthy of all praise, then encourages them to turn to Him in repentance.وَاللَّهُ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ(And Allah is Forgiving, Most Merciful.) It was reported that this Ayah was revealed about Al-Aqra` bin Habis At-Tamimi, may Allah be pleased with him, according to more than one source. Imam Ahmad recorded that Al-Aqra` bin Habis said that he called the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from behind his dwellings, saying, "O Muhammad! O Muhammad!" "O Allah's Messenger!" according to another narration, but the Messenger did not answer him, Al-Aqra` said, "O Allah's Messenger.Investigating the Reliability of the News conveyed by Wicked PeopleAllah the Exalted ordered investigating the news that sinners and the wicked bring, to make sure of its authenticity. Otherwise, if the sinner's word is taken for granted and a decision is based on it, regardless of whether the information is true or not, the authorities will be taking the lead of the sinners. Allah the Exalted and Most Honored forbade taking the path of the corrupted and sinners. This is why groups of the scholars of Hadith refuse to accept narrations from narrators whose reliability is unknown, for they might be from among the wicked people, in reality.The Prophet's Decision is BetterAllah said,

آداب خطاب ٭٭ان آیتوں میں اللہ تعالیٰ ان لوگوں کی مذمت بیان کرتا ہے جو آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے مکانوں کے پیچھے سے آپ کو آوازیں دیتے اور پکارتے ہیں۔ جس طرح اعراب میں دستور تھا تو فرمایا کہ ” ان میں سے اکثر بےعقل ہیں “۔ پھر اس کی بابت ادب سکھاتے ہوئے فرماتا ہے کہ ” چاہیئے تھا کہ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے انتظار میں ٹھہر جاتے اور جب آپ مکان سے باہر نکلتے تو آپ سے جو کہنا ہوتا کہتے “، نہ کہ آوازیں دے کر باہر سے پکارتے۔ دنیا اور دین کی مصلحت اور بہتری اسی میں تھی۔صفحہ نمبر8654پھر حکم دیتا ہے کہ ” ایسے لوگوں کو توبہ استغفار کرنا چاہیئے کیونکہ اللہ بخشنے والا مہربان ہے “۔ یہ آیت اقرع بن حابس تمیمی رضی اللہ عنہ کے بارے میں نازل ہوئی ہے۔ مسند احمد میں ہے کہ ایک شخص نے نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا، آپ کا نام لے کر پکارا ”یا محمد! یا محمد! آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اسے کوئی جواب نہ دیا، تو اس نے کہا: سنئے، یا رسول اللہ! میرا تعریف کرنا بڑائی کا سبب ہے اور میرا مذمت کرنا ذلت کا سبب ہے، آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا: ”ایسی ذات محض اللہ تعالیٰ کی ہی ہے“ ۔ [مسند احمد:488/3:صحیح لغیرہ] ‏ بشر بن غالب نے حجاج کے سامنے بشر بن عطارد وغیرہ سے کہا کہ تیری قوم بنو تمیم کے بارے میں یہ آیت اتری ہے۔ جب سعید بن جبیر رحمہ اللہ سے اس کا ذکر ہوا تو آپ نے فرمایا: اگر وہ عالم ہوتے تو اس کے بعد کی آیت «يَمُنُّونَ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ أَسْلَمُوا قُل لَّا تَمُنُّوا عَلَيَّ إِسْلَامَكُم بَلِ اللَّـهُ يَمُنُّ عَلَيْكُمْ أَنْ هَدَاكُمْ لِلْإِيمَانِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ» [49-الحجرات:17] ‏ پڑھ دیتے یعنی ” اپنے مسلمان ہونے کا آپ پر احسان جتاتے ہیں۔ آپ کہہ دیجئے کہ اپنے مسلمان ہونے کا احسان مجھ پر نہ رکھو، بلکہ دراصل اللہ کا تم پر احسان ہے کہ اس نے تمہیں ایمان کی ہدایت کی اگر تم راست گو ہو “ اور بنو اسد نے آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو تسلیم کرنے میں کچھ دیر نہیں کی۔ سیدنا زید بن ارقم رضی اللہ عنہ فرماتے ہیں کہ کچھ عرب جمع ہوئے اور کہنے لگے ہمیں اس شخص کے پاس لے چلو اگر وہ سچا نبی ہے تو سب سے زیادہ اس سے سعادت حاصل کرنے کے مستحق ہم ہیں اور اگر وہ بادشاہ ہے تو ہم اس کے پروں تلے پل جائیں گے۔ میں نے آ کر نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے یہ واقعہ بیان کیا پھر وہ لوگ آئے اور حجرے کے پیچھے سے آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا نام لے کر آپ کو پکارنے لگے، اس پر یہ آیت اتری، نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے میرا کان پکڑ کر فرمایا: ”اللہ تعالیٰ نے تیری بات سچی کر دی اللہ تعالیٰ نے تیری بات سچی کر دی“ ۔ [تفسیر ابن جریر الطبری:382/11:حسن] ‏صفحہ نمبر8655

آیت 5{ وَلَوْ اَنَّہُمْ صَبَرُوْا حَتّٰی تَخْرُجَ اِلَیْہِمْ لَکَانَ خَیْرًا لَّہُمْ ط وَاللّٰہُ غَفُوْرٌ رَّحِیْمٌ} ”اور اگر وہ صبر کرتے یہاں تک کہ آپ خود ان کے پاس نکل کر آجاتے تو یہ ان کے حق میں بہتر ہوتا۔ بہرحال اللہ بہت بخشنے والا ‘ بہت رحم کرنے والا ہے۔“ چونکہ یہ لوگ آداب معاشرت سے نا آشنا ہیں اور یہ خلافِ ادب حرکت وہ جان بوجھ کر نہیں کرتے رہے ہیں اس لیے اپنے گزشتہ طرز عمل کے حوالے سے تو انہیں معافی کی توقع رکھنی چاہیے کہ اللہ تعالیٰ غفور اور رحیم ہے ‘ لیکن آئندہ کسی سے ایسی کوئی حرکت سرزد نہیں ہونی چاہیے۔

الَّذِينَ يُنَادُونَكَ مِن وَرَ‌اءِ الْحُجُرَ‌اتِ أَكْثَرُ‌هُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ (As for those who call you from behind the apartments, most of them lack understanding. - 49:4) In this verse, Allah Ta’ ala has mentioned a third etiquette about dealing with the Holy Prophet ﷺ . It is directed that when he is at home, one should not call him from outside. Particularly calling him by his name is an unmannered attitude. Reasonable persons would not do it. The term hujurat (translated above as 'apartments' ) is the plural of hujrah. Lexically, it refers to a four-walled apartment or dwelling, comprising a courtyard and a roofed building. In Madinah, the Holy Prophet ﷺ had nine wives. Each one of them had a separate apartment, where on different days, he used to stay in succession.The Apartments of the Mothers of the FaithfulIbn Sa'd on the authority of ` Ata' Al-Khurasani gives a description of these dwellings. He writes that these apartments were built of palm branches and their doors were covered with thick black woolen curtains. Imam Bukhari ؓ in Al-'Adab-ul- Mufrad and Baihaqi in his collection record that Dawud Ibn Qais reports that he had visited these "apartments" and estimated that from the door of the "apartment" to the roofed part of the building, it must be about seven cubits, the room about ten cubits and the height of the roof about eight cubits1. These apartments of the Mothers of the faithful were included in the Holy Prophet’ s ﷺ mosque during the reign of Walid Ibn ` Abd-ul-Malik at his own command. On that day in Madinah, people were lamenting and bewailing.(1) One Cubit= about 18 inchesOccasion of RevelationImam Baghawi, on the authority of Qatadah (رح) reports that the delegation of Banu Tamim arrived in Madinah in the afternoon and came up to the Holy Prophet ﷺ when he was resting in one of his apartments. These bedouins were not acquainted with the social manners and etiquette of a civil society. They stood outside the apartment and called out: 0 Muhammad, come out to us! On this occasion, verse [ 4] was revealed (Musnad of Ahmad, Tirmidhi, and others record similar reports in differential wordings as quoted by Mazhari).Additional NotesThe noble Companions ؓ and their followers showed the same respect and courtesy to their scholars and spiritual masters as enjoined by the Qur'an for the Holy Prophet ﷺ . It is recorded in Bukhari and other collections that when Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ wanted to inquire about any Prophetic Tradition from any knowledgeable Companion, he would go to his house and sit at the threshold without calling him or knocking at the door. He would wait there until the Companion himself comes out. When he came out on his own, he would ask him about the Tradition. However, the scholar himself would say to Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas: "0 cousin of Allah's Messenger, why did you not knock at the door and inform me about your arrival?" Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ would reply: "A scholar in his community is like a prophet, and Allah has directed us that we should wait until he comes out on his own. Sayyidna Abu ` Ubaidah says, "I never knock on the door of any scholar at any time, but I wait until he himself has emerged and then meet him (Ruh-ul-Ma’ ani).RulingIn the clause of verse حَتَّىٰ تَخْرُ‌جَ إِلَيْهِمْ "...until you come out to them...49:5", the prepositional phrase ilaihim "to them" is a restrictive phrase, and it implies that people must wait until the Holy Prophet ﷺ emerges to talk to them, but if he has emerged for some other reason or purpose, even in this case it is not appropriate to talk to him. The speakers should wait until a suitable situation or occasion arises for them to speak: that is, they should speak about their particular issue when the Holy Prophet ﷺ turns his attention to them for that purpose.