Surah Al-Hajj • Ayah 29

The Reward for avoiding SinAllah says: `This is what We have commanded you to do in the rituals (of Hajj), and this is the great reward that the person who does that will gain.'وَمَن يُعَظِّمْ حُرُمَـتِ اللَّهِ(whoever honors the sacred things of Allah,) means, whoever avoids disobeying Him and does not transgress that which is sacred, and regards committing sin as a very serious matter,فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّهُ عِندَ رَبِّهِ(then that is better for him with his Lord.) means, he will attain much good and a great reward for doing that. Just as the one who does acts of obedience will earn a great reward, so too, the one who avoids sin will earn a great reward.Cattle are Lawfulوَأُحِلَّتْ لَكُمُ الاٌّنْعَـمُ إِلاَّ مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ(The cattle are lawful to you, except those (that will be) mentioned to you.) means, `We have made permissible for you all the An`am (cattle etc.),' and Allah has not instituted things like Bahirah or a Sa'ibah or a Wasilah or a Ham.إِلاَّ مَا يُتْلَى عَلَيْكُمْ(except those mentioned to you.) the prohibition of Al-Maytah, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which Allah's Name has not been mentioned while slaughtering (that which has been slaughtered as a sacrifice for others than Allah, or has been slaughtered for idols) and that which has been killed by strangling, or by a violent blow, or by a headlong fall, or by the goring of horns -- and that which has been (partly) eaten by a wild animal -- unless you are able to slaughter it (before its death) - and that which is sacrificed (slaughtered) on An-Nusub. This was the view of Ibn Jarir, who recorded it from Qatadah.The Command to shun Shirk and Lyingفَاجْتَنِبُواْ الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الاٌّوْثَـنِ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ قَوْلَ الزُّورِ(So shun the Rijis of the idols, and shun false speech.) From this it is clear what Ar-Rijs means, i.e., avoid the abomination, which means idols. Shirk is mentioned in conjunction with false speech, as in the Ayah:قُلْ إِنَّمَا حَرَّمَ رَبِّيَ الْفَوَحِشَ مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَمَا بَطَنَ وَالإِثْمَ وَالْبَغْىَ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ وَأَن تُشْرِكُواْ بِاللَّهِ مَا لَمْ يُنَزِّلْ بِهِ سُلْطَـناً وَأَن تَقُولُواْ عَلَى اللَّهِ مَا لاَ تَعْلَمُونَ(Say: "(But) the things that my Lord has indeed forbidden are Al-Fawahish (immoral sins) whether committed openly or secretly, sins (of all kinds), unrighteous oppression, joining partners with Allah for which He has given no authority, and saying things about Allah of which you have no knowledge".) 7:33 This includes bearing false witness. In the Two Sahihs it was reported from Abu Bakrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:«أَلَا أُنَبِّــئُكُمْ بِأَكْبَرِ الْكَبَائِرِ؟»(Shall I not tell you about the worst of major sins) We said, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." He said:«الْإِشْرَاكُ بِاللهِ وَعُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ (Associating others with Allah, disobeying one's parents.) He was reclining, then he sat up and said: أَلَا وَقَوْلُ الزُّورِ،أَلَا وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّور»(and indeed giving false statements, and indeed bearing false witness...) and he kept on repeating it until we wished that he would stop." Imam Ahmad recorded that Khuraym bin Fatik Al-Asadi said, "The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed As-Subh (Al-Fajr), and when he had finished, he stood up and said:«عَدَلَتْ شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ الْإِشْرَاكَ بِاللهِ عَزَّ وَجَل»(Bearing false witness is on a par with the association of others with Allah.) Then he recited this Ayah:فَاجْتَنِبُواْ الرِّجْسَ مِنَ الاٌّوْثَـنِ وَاجْتَنِبُواْ قَوْلَ الزُّورِحُنَفَآءَ للَّهِ غَيْرَ مُشْرِكِينَ بِهِ(So shun the Rijs of the idols, and shun lying speech. Hunafa' Lillah, not associating partners unto Him;)حُنَفَآءَ للَّهِ(Hunafa' Lillah) means, sincerely submitting to Him Alone, shunning falsehood and seeking the truth. Allah says:غَيْرَ مُشْرِكِينَ بِهِ(not associating partners unto Him;) Then Allah gives a likeness of the idolator in his misguidance and being doomed and being far away from true guidance, and says:وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَكَأَنَّمَا خَرَّ مِنَ السَّمَآءِ(and whoever assigns partners to Allah, it is as if he had fallen from the sky,) meaning,فَتَخْطَفُهُ الطَّيْرُ(the birds caught him in midair,)أَوْ تَهْوِى بِهِ الرِّيحُ فِى مَكَانٍ سَحِيقٍ(or the wind had thrown him to a far off place.) means, remote and desolate, dangerous for anyone who lands there. Hence it says in the Hadith of Al-Bara':«إِنَّ الْكَافِرَ إِذَا تَوَفَّتْهُ مَلَائِكَةُ الْمَوْتِ وَصَعِدُوا بِرُوحِهِ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ، فَلَا تُفْتَحُ لَهُ أَبْوَابُ السَّمَاءِ بَلْ تُطْرَحُ رُوحُهُ طَرْحًا مِنْ هُنَاك»(When the angels of death take the soul of the disbeliever in death, they take his soul up to the heaven, but the gates of heaven are not opened for him; on the contrary, his soul is thrown down from there.) Then he recited this Ayah. The Hadith has already been quoted in our explanation of Surah Ibrahim. Allah gives another parable of the idolators in Surat Al-An`am, where He says:قُلْ أَنَدْعُواْ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لاَ يَنفَعُنَا وَلاَ يَضُرُّنَا وَنُرَدُّ عَلَى أَعْقَـبِنَا بَعْدَ إِذْ هَدَانَا اللَّهُ كَالَّذِى اسْتَهْوَتْهُ الشَّيَـطِينُ فِى الاٌّرْضِ حَيْرَانَ لَهُ أَصْحَـبٌ يَدْعُونَهُ إِلَى الْهُدَى ائْتِنَا قُلْ إِنَّ هُدَى اللَّهِ هُوَ الْهُدَى(Say: "Shall we invoke others besides Allah, that can do us neither good nor can harm us, and shall we turn back on our heels after Allah has guided us -- like one whom the Shayaلtin have made to go astray in the land in confusion, his companions calling him to guidance (saying): `Come to us."' Say: "Verily, Allah's guidance is the only guidance.") 6:71

احکام حج ٭٭پھر وہ احرام کھول ڈالے سر منڈوالیں کپڑے پہن لیں، ناخن کٹوا ڈالیں، وغیرہ احکام حج پورے کر لیں۔ نذریں پوری کر لیں حج کی قربانی کی اور جو ہو۔ پس جو شخص حج کے لیے نکلا اس کے ذمے طواف بیت اللہ، طواف صفا مروہ، عرفات کے میدان میں جانا، مزدلفے کی حاضری، شیطانوں کو کنکر مارنا وغیرہ سب کچھ لازم ہے۔ ان تمام احکام کو پورے کریں اور صحیح طور پر بجا لائیں اور بیت اللہ شریف کا طواف کریں جو یوم النحر کو واجب ہے۔ سیدنا ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما فرماتے ہیں حج کا آخری کام طواف ہے۔ نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے بھی کیا جب آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم دس ذی الحجہ کو منٰی کی طرف واپس آئے تو سب سے پہلے شیطانوں کو سات سات کنکریاں ماریں۔ پھر قربانی کی، پھر سر منڈوایا، پھر لوٹ کر بیت اللہ آ کر طواف بیت اللہ کیا ۔ سیدنا ابن عباس رضی اللہ عنہما سے بخاری و مسلم میں مروی ہے کہ لوگوں کو حکم کیا گیا ہے کہ ان کا آخری کام طواف بیت اللہ ہو۔ ہاں البتہ حائضہ عورتوں کو رعایت کر دی گئی ہے ۔ [صحیح بخاری:1755] ‏ بیت العتیق کے لفظ سے استدلال کر کے فرمایا گیا ہے کہ طواف کرنے والے کو حطیم بھی اپنے طواف کے اندر لے لینا چاہے۔ اس لیے کہ وہ بھی اصل بیت اللہ شریف میں سے ہے ابراہیم علیہ السلام کی بنا میں یہ داخل تھا گو قریش نے نیا بناتے وقت اسے باہر چھوڑ دیا لیکن اس کی وجہ بھی خرچ کی کمی تھی نہ کہ اور کچھ۔ اس لیے نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے حطیم کے پیچھے سے طواف کیا اور فرمایا بھی دیا کہ حطیم بیت اللہ شریف میں داخل ہے ۔ اور آپ نے دونوں شامی رکنوں کو ہاتھ نہیں لگایا نہ بوسہ دیا کیونکہ وہ بناء ابراہیمی کے مطابق پورے نہیں۔ اس آیت کے اترنے کے بعد نبی کریم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے حطیم کے پیچھے سے طواف کیا ۔ [الدر المنشور للسیوطی:41/6:] ‏ پہلے اس طرح کی عمارت تھی کہ یہ اندر تھا اسی لیے اسے پرانا گھر کہا گیا یہی سب سے پہلا اللہ کا گھر ہے اور وجہ یہ بھی ہے کہ یہ طوفان نوح میں سلامت رہا۔ اور یہ بھی وجہ ہے کہ کوئی سرکش اس پر غالب نہیں آسکا۔ یہ ان سب کی دست برد سے آزاد ہے جس نے بھی اس سے برا قصد کیا وہ تباہ ہوا۔ اللہ نے اسے سرکشوں کے تسلط سے آزاد کر لیا ہے ۔ [سنن ترمذي:3170،قال الشيخ الألباني:ضعیف] ‏ ترمذی میں اسی طرح کی ایک مرفوع حدیث بھی ہے جو حسن غریب ہے اور ایک اور سند سے مرسلاً بھی مروی ہے۔صفحہ نمبر5597

آیت 29 ثُمَّ لْیَقْضُوْا تَفَثَہُمْ ”اس سے احرام کھول کر نہانا دھونا مراد ہے۔ حج کرنے والوں کے لیے 10 ذو الحجہ کے دن چار افعال ضروری ہیں ‘ یعنی رمی ‘ نحر ‘ حلق اور طواف۔ نحر اور حلق کے بعد احرام کھولو ‘ پھر نہا دھو کر صاف لباس پہنو اور طواف زیارت کے لیے جاؤ۔

ثُمَّ لْيَقْضُوا (Then, they must remove their dirt - 22:29) The word تَفَث means dirt, which gathers on human body. While a person is in the state of ihram, he cannot shave, trim or pluck his hair, nor can he pare his nails, nor use perfume, and it is quite natural that dirt should collect under his hair and nails and on his body. This verse requires of the pilgrims that after they have performed the sacrifice, they should remove this dirt, meaning thereby that they should now remove the ihram, (and wear their normal clothes) shave their heads and pare their nails. This verse mentions sacrifice first and then refers to the removal of the dirt, which suggests that these two acts must be performed in that order. It is forbidden to shave one's head or pare nails before the obligatory sacrifice. Anyone who does so must slaughter an animal as دَم dam (to atone for his sin).Observance of the correct sequence in the performance of various acts related to HajjThe observance of various functions of Hajj in the same order in which they are mentioned in the Qur'an and hadith, and which have been codified by the jurists is, by consensus, a sunnah. However, opinions differ whether it is obligatory as well. Imam Abu Hanifah (رح) and Imam Malik (رح) hold the view that the observance of the sequence is obligatory and any deviation from it must be atoned for by دَم dam, while according to Imam Shafi'i (رح) it is only sunnah and a deviation from it reduces the reward to be gained by performing Hajj but does not make it obligatory to sacrifice an animal. There is also a ruling of Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ مَن قَدَّم شیٔاً من نسکہ او اخّرہ فلیھرق دما (He who alters the sequence of the rites during Hajj must slaughter an animal). (Mazhari) Tahawi has also reported this tradition through different versions. In addition Sayyidna Said Ibn Jubair ؓ ، Qatadah, Nakha` i and Hasan al-Basri also support the view that any alteration in the sequence of the rites of Hajj makes the sacrifice of an animal obligatory. Fuller details on the subject are discussed in the Tafsir Mazhari.وَلْيُوفُوا نُذُورَ‌هُمْ (And fulfill their vows - 22:29) نُذُور is the plural of the word نَذَر ، which means a ` vow'. When a person commits himself verbally to do an act, in order to win the goodwill of Allah Ta’ ala, (which is not otherwise obligatory on him) it becomes a vow (nadhr) and its performance becomes obligatory for him by consensus of Ummah, provided that the act itself is not sinful or forbidden. If a person makes a vow to do something which is sinful, then he is not bound to fulfill the vow, rather it is impermissible to act upon it, but he must make atonement for the unfulfilled vow. According to Abu Hanifah (رح) and other religious jurists the vow must be of an act which is an act of a direct worship (` ibadah maqsudah) in some manner. So, if someone makes a nadhr (vow) for voluntary prayers, fasting, sadaqah, sacrifice, of animals etc. all these vows must be fulfilled in all circumstances. The present verse emphasizes on this very issue.RulingIt must be remembered that a resolve made in one's heart to do something does not become a nadhr (vow) unless it is pronounced with the tongue. Tafsfr Mazhari has elaborated the rules of nadhr in great detail.A question and its answerOne may question the relevance of nadhr in the context of Hajj. Obviously the preceding sentences speak of the rules of Hajj, like sacrifice, removing ihram etc. Similarly, the following sentence relates to the tawaf of ziyarah. Why the injunction to fulfill vows has been inserted between the rules of Hajj, while the rules governing vows have an independent status which are to be fulfilled at all times and at every place and not during Hajj only?A possible explanation for this is that when a person sets out with the intention of performing Hajj, his heart prompts him to do the maximum number of good deeds and to spend the maximum time in prayers, and so he makes many vows, specially it was a common practice to make vows for sacrificing additional animals during Hajj. According to Sayyidna Ibn ` Abbas ؓ the word nadhr in this context means a vow to sacrifice an animal. One relevance of nadhr (vow) appearing with the rites of pilgrimage is that just as vow makes many things obligatory which are not so otherwise and makes many things unlawful for him which are not originally forbidden, similarly the state of ihram, during a pilgrimage makes certain things unlawful for him which are permitted at other times. Instances of these are: wearing stitched clothes, use of perfume, shaving of hair or paring nails. Therefore, Sayyidna ` Ikrimah ؓ has interpreted nadhr in this verse to mean those acts and duties which have become obligatory during the course of Hajj.وَلْيَطَّوَّفُوا بِالْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ (And they should make tawaf of the ancient House - 22:29) Here the word tawaf refers to tawaf-uz-ziyarah, which is performed on the 10th day of the month of Zil Hijj after casting stones and making the sacrifice. It is the second obligatory ritual of Hajj, the first being wuquf-ul-` Arafat, which is performed earlier. After this tawaf the state of ihram is fully terminated and all restrictions are removed. (Rah ul-Ma ani)The word الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ lexically means 'liberated house' Baitullah is called الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ , because according to the Holy Prophet ﷺ it has been liberated from the control and domination of the infidels and tyrants and it will never again be ruled by them. (رواہ الترمذی وحسنہ والحاکم وصححہ وابن جریر والطبرانی۔Ruh ul-Ma'ani). It is evident by the episode of the People of Elephant who, with all their might, were frustrated in their attempt to establish their dominion over Makkah.11. The other meaning of the word عَتِیق is 'ancient' which is adopted in the translation of the text. (Editor)