Surah Ibrahim • Ayah 35

brahim's Supplication to Allah when He brought Isma`il to MakkahAllah mentions here, while bringing forth more evidences against Arab polytheists, that the Sacred House in Makkah was established on the worship of Allah alone, without partners. He also states that Ibrahim, who establsihed the city, has disowned those who worship others besides Allah, and that he begged Allah to make Makkah peaceful and secure,رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَـذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِنًا(O my Lord! Make this city (Makkah) of peace and security,) and Allah accepted his supplication. Allah said in other Ayat,أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَماً ءامِناً(Have they not seen that We have made (Makkah) a secure sanctuary.) 29:67 and,إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِى بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكاً وَهُدًى لِّلْعَـلَمِينَ فِيهِ ءَايَـتٌ بَيِّـنَـتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَهِيمَ وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ ءَامِناً(Verily, the first House (of worship) appointed for mankind was that at Bakkah (Makkah), full of blessing, and a guidance for Al-'Alamin. In it are manifest signs, the Maqam of Ibrahim; whosoever enters it, he attains security.)3:96 Allah said here that Ibrahim supplicated,رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَـذَا الْبَلَدَ آمِنًا(O my Lord! Make this city (Makkah) a of peace and security, ) saying, "this city", after he established it, and this is why he said afterwards,الْحَمْدُ للَّهِ الَّذِى وَهَبَ لِى عَلَى الْكِبَرِ إِسْمَـعِيلَ وَإِسْحَـقَ(All praise is due to Allah, Who has given me in old age Isma`il and Ishaq.) 14:39 It is well-known that Isma`il was thirteen years older than Ishaq. When Ibrahim took Isma`il and his mother to Makkah, while Isma`il was still young enough to nurse, he supplicated to Allah,رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هَـذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا(O my Lord! Make this city (Makkah) a place of peace and security.) 2:126 as we in explained in Surat Al-Baqarah. Ibrahim then said,وَاجْنُبْنِى وَبَنِىَّ أَن نَّعْبُدَ الاٌّصْنَامَ(and keep me and my sons away from worshipping idols.) It is proper for whoever supplicates to Allah to also ask for the benefit of his parents and offspring, as well as himself. Ibrahim next mentioned that many among mankind were led astray because of idols, and he disowned those who worship them and referred their matter to Allah; if Allah wills, He will punish them, and if He wills, He will forgive them. `Isa, peace be upon him, said similar words,إِن تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ وَإِن تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَإِنَّكَ أَنتَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ(If You punish them, they are Your servants, and if You forgive them, verily, You, only You are the Almighty, the All-Wise.)5:118 This supplication refers this and all matters to Allah, not that it is actually going to happen. `Abdullah bin `Amr narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ recited Ibrahim's supplication,رَبِّ إِنَّهُنَّ أَضْلَلْنَ كَثِيرًا مِّنَ النَّاسِ(O my Lord! They have indeed led astray many among mankind.), and the supplication of `Isa,إِن تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ(If You punish them, they are Your servants.) 5:118 then raised his hands and said,«اللَّهُمَّ أُمَّتِي، اللَّهُمَّ أُمَّتِي، اللَّهُمَّ أُمَّتِي»(O Allah, Save my Ummah! O, Allah, Save my Ummah! O, Allah, Save my Ummah!) and cried. Allah said to the angel Jibril, "O Jibril, go to Muhammad ﷺ, and Your Lord has more knowledge, and ask him what makes him cry." Jibril came to the Prophet and asked him, and he repeated to him what he said (in his supplication). Allah said, "Go to Muhammad ﷺ and tell him this; `We will make you pleased with your Ummah, O Muhammad, and will not treat them in a way you dislike."'

حرمت وعظمت کا مالک شہر ٭٭اللہ تعالیٰ بیان فرماتا ہے کہ ” حرمت والا شہر مکہ ابتداء میں اللہ کی توحید پر ہی بنایا گیا تھا۔ اس کے اول بانی خلیل اللہ علیہ السلام اللہ کے سوا اوروں کی عبادت کرنے والوں سے بری تھے۔ انہی نے اس شہر کے با امن ہونے کی دعا کی تھی۔ جو اللہ تعالیٰ نے قبول فرمائی “۔ «أَوَلَمْ يَرَوْا أَنَّا جَعَلْنَا حَرَمًا آمِنًا وَيُتَخَطَّفُ النَّاسُ مِنْ حَوْلِهِمْ» [29-العنکبوت:67] ‏۔ «إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَيْتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِي بِبَكَّةَ مُبَارَكًا وَهُدًى لِّلْعَالَمِينَ» «فِيهِ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا» [3-آل عمران:96-97] ‏ ” سب سے پہلا با برکت اور با ہدایت اللہ کا گھر مکے شریف کا ہی ہے، جس میں بہت سی واضح نشانیوں کے علاوہ مقام ابراہیم بھی ہے۔ اس شہر میں جو پہنچ گیا، امن و امان میں آ گیا “۔ اس شہر کو بنانے کے بعد خلیل اللہ نے دعا کی کہ ”اے اللہ اس شہر کو پر امن بنا۔‏“ اسی لیے فرمایا کہ «الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ الَّذِي وَهَبَ لِي عَلَى الْكِبَرِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ» [14-ابراھیم:39] ‏ ” اللہ کا شکر ہے جس نے مجھے بڑھاپے میں اسماعیل و اسحاق جیسے بچے عطا فرمائے “۔ اسماعیل علیہ السلام کو دودھ پیتا اس کی والدہ کے ساتھ لے کر یہاں آئے تھے تب بھی آپ علیہ السلام نے اس شہر کے با امن ہونے کی دعا کی تھی لیکن اس وقت کے الفاظ یہ تھے «رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هٰذَا الْبَلَدَ اٰمِنًا» [2-البقرة:126] ‏۔ پس اس دعا میں «بَلَدَ» پر لام نہیں ہے، اس لیے کہ یہ دعا شہر کی آبادی سے پہلے کی ہے اور اب چونکہ شہر بس چکا تھا۔ «بلد» کو معرف بلام لائے۔ سورۃ البقرہ میں ہم ان چیزوں کو وضاحت و تفصیل کے ساتھ ذکر کر آئے ہیں۔ پھر دوسری دعا میں اپنی اولاد کو بھی شریک کیا۔ انسان کو لازم ہے کہ اپنی دعاؤں میں اپنے ماں باپ کو اور اولاد کو بھی شامل رکھے۔ پھر آپ علیہ السلام نے بتوں کی گمراہی ان کا فتنہ اکثر لوگوں کا بہکا جانا بیان فرما کر ان سے اپنی بیزاری کا اظہار کیا اور انہیں اللہ کے حوالے کیا کہ وہ چاہے بخشے، چاہے سزا دے۔ جیسے روح اللہ علیہ السلام بروز قیامت کہیں گے کیا اگر تو انہیں عذاب کرے تو یہ تیرے بندے ہیں اور اگر بخش دے تو تو عزیز و حکیم ہے۔ یہ یاد رہے کہ اس میں صرف اللہ کی مشیت اور اس کے ارادے کی طرف لوٹنا ہے نہ کہ اس کے واقع ہونے کو جائز سمجھنا ہے۔ حضور علیہ السلام نے خلیل اللہ کا یہ قول اور روح اللہ کا قول آیت «اِنْ تُعَذِّبْهُمْ فَاِنَّهُمْ عِبَادُكَ وَاِنْ تَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ فَاِنَّكَ اَنْتَ الْعَزِيْزُ الْحَكِيْمُ» [5-المائدة:118] ‏، تلاوت کر کے رو رو کر اپنی امت کو یاد کیا تو اللہ تعالیٰ نے جبرائیل علیہ السلام کو حکم فرمایا کہ جا کر دریافت کرو کہ کیوں رو رہے ہو؟ آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے سبب بیان کیا حکم ہوا کہ جاؤ اور کہہ دو کہ ” آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو ہم آپ صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی امت کے بارے میں خوش کر دیں گے ناراض نہ کریں گے۔ [صحیح مسلم:202] ‏صفحہ نمبر4251

وَاِذْ قَالَ اِبْرٰهِيْمُ رَبِّ اجْعَلْ هٰذَا الْبَلَدَ اٰمِنًا وَّاجْنُبْنِيْ وَبَنِيَّ اَنْ نَّعْبُدَ الْاَصْنَامَ یہ مضمون سورة البقرۃ کے پندرھویں رکوع کے مضمون سے ملتا جلتا ہے۔ حضرت ابراہیم سے ما قبل زمانہ کی جو تاریخ ہمیں معلوم ہوئی ہے اس کے مطابق اس دور کی سب سے بڑی گمراہی بت پرستی تھی۔ آپ سے پہلے کی تمام اقوام اسی گمراہی میں مبتلا تھیں۔ آپ کی اپنی قوم کا اس سلسلے میں یہ حال تھا کہ انہوں نے ایک بہت بڑے بت خانے میں بہت سے بت سجا رکھے تھے۔ انہی بتوں کا سورة الانبیاء میں ذکر ملتا ہے کہ حضرت ابراہیم نے ان کو توڑا تھا۔ اس کے علاوہ آپ کی قوم ستاروں کی پوجا بھی کرتی تھی جبکہ نمرود نے انہیں سیاسی شرک میں بھی مبتلا کر رکھا تھا۔ وہ اختیار مطلق کا دعویدار تھا اور جس چیز کو وہ چاہتا جائز قرار دیتا اور جس کو چاہتا ممنوع۔

CommentaryStated in the previous verses was the rational strength and cardinal position of Tauhid, the belief in the Oneness of Allah. And also mentioned there in contrast was the gross ignorance of Shirk, the ascribing of partners in the pristine divinity of Allah, and a condemnation thereof. Among the group of prophets (علیہم السلام) the most successful Jihad waged to establish pure monotheism was that of Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) . Therefore, the religion preached by him is known particularly as the upright religion.In view of this, reference has been made to the story of Sayyidna Ibrahim علیہ السلام in the cited verses. However, there is another reason too. In a previous verse (28): الَّذِينَ بَدَّلُوا نِعْمَتَ اللَّـهِ كُفْرً‌ا (those who changed the favour of Allah with disbelief), condemned were people from among the disbelievers of Makkah who had changed faith for disbelief and Tauhid (Oneness of Allah) for Shirk (ascribing of partners to Allah) because that was what their forefathers have been doing. They have been told in these verses about the belief and behaviour of their patriarch, Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) so that these people so eager to follow the lead of their ancestors would just look at this model and would, hopefully, abstain from their disbelief. (Al-Bahr Al-Muhit)And as it is already clear to us that by describing the stories and conditions of blessed prophets, the Qur’ an never aims to narrate their history only. Instead of that, in them there are guiding principles for every department of human life. It is to make them become available continuously that these events about prophets are repeated in the Qur'an time and again.At this place, there are in the first verse (35) two prayers made by Sayyidna Ibrahim (1) رَ‌بِّ اجْعَلْ هَـٰذَا بَلَدًا آمِنًا 'My Lord, make this city (of Makkah) peaceful.' This prayer appears in Sarah Al-Baqarah (2:126) as well. But, there the word: بَلَد (balad : city) appears as: بَلَداً (baladan) without the definite article Alif Lam which means an indefinite city. The reason is that this prayer belonged to a time when the city of Makkah was not inhabited. Therefore, the words of the prayer made were general when he said: 'My Lord, make this a city of peace.'In the prayer which he made when Makkah was already a populated city, he made a definite reference to the city of Makkah saying: 'My Lord, make this city peaceful.'(2) The second prayer made by him was: 'and keep me and my children away from worshiping idols.'Though, prophets on whom be peace are protected by Allah, so Shirk, idol-worship, or a sin cannot issue forth from them. But, in this prayer, Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) has included himself as well. The reason for this is either that prophets too live under a constant fear of being in danger, or that his main purpose was to pray for the safety of his children against the danger of disbelief and idol-worship. It was to impress his children with the gravity of the matter that he included himself too with-in the prayer.Allah jalla thana'uh granted the prayer of His 'friend.' His children remained protected from Shirk and idol-worship. This brings up a question. The people of Makkah are generally from among the progeny ofSayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) . Idol-worship was very much present with them. Tafsir Al-Bahr Al-Muhit answers it on the authority of Sufyan ibn ` Uyaiynah that no one from among the progeny of Sayyidna Ismail (علیہ السلام) did really take to idol-worship. In fact, when people of the tribe of Jurhum took over Makkah and expelled the children of Sayyidna Ismail (علیہ السلام) from the حَرَم Haram, they carried away with them some stones from there out of love and respect for the sacred place. These they used to keep as a momento of the sacred House of Allah before them when they worshipped or went round them making Tawaf. Initially, in doing so, they had no desire to turn back from Allah. They thought that the way making prayers turning towards Baytullah or making Tawaf round it was nothing but devoting to the worship of Allah, so when they turn to that stone from there and make their Tawaf round it, that would not be counter to the worship of Allah. After a passage of time, this very method became the cause of idol-worship.